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A. B. DRAUTZ. GOMPOUND GAS 0R STEAM ENGINE.

No. 423,224. Patented Mar. 11, 1890.

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, 'UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AUGUST B. DRAUTZ, OF STUTTGART, \VURTEMBERG, GERMANY.

COMPOUND GAS AND STEAM ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 423,224, dated March11, 1890.

Application filed July 29, 1889. Serial No. 319,087. (Ncmodch) To allwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AUGUST B. DRAUTZ, a

subject of the King of Wurtemberg and Emperor of Germany, residing atStuttgart, Kin gdomof Niirtemberg,Empire of Germany, have invented a newand useful Improvement in Compound Gas and Steam Engines, of which thefollowing is a specification, reference being had therein to theaccompanying drawings.

This invention is directed to a compound gas and steam engine having twopistons of different sizes working in corresponding cylinders connectedby two distributing-channels, the cylindrical spaces located between thetwo pistons and the smaller channel serving for the suction,compression, and ignition of the explosive mixture, while thecylindrical space lying in advance of the smaller piston, as well as thecoordinate cover,serves as an explosion-chamber. This chamber is thencooled off by means of an adjacent automatic water-inj ector, andsubsequently serves for the production of steam of high tension. Thesteam so generated and the exploded mixture is conducted to the oppositehalf of the larger cylinder at the end of the forward stroke of thepiston through the larger distributingchannel, expanding there (in saidcylinder) during the opposite stroke of the piston, and escapes towardthe end of the stroke either into the air or toa condenser for furtherutilization.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a horizontal longitudinal sectionof a device embodying my invention; Fig. 5, a vertical longitudinalcentral section of the same; and

Figs. 2, 3, and 4., transverse sections on lines ,M M, N N, and O 0,respectively, of Fig. 5.

Fig. 6 is a detail view.

Assuming the parts to be in the position indicated by Fig. 5, and thepistons Aand A connected by the thinner part a advancing in thedirection of the arrows in that figure, the port at the right of channelh will be first closed by the piston and the explosive mixture betweenthe cover 0 and the piston ignited by the pin t, heated by a gas-flame.The igniting-pin t is attached to a small rod is, having at its bottom asmall anti-friction roller 0'. The rod 7c slides in the ignitioncylinderK, and is urged downward by a spring 1) bearing against a shoulder atthe bottom of said rod 7;. This rod is advanced into the channel h bymeans of a bell-crank lever hearing against the roller r and actuated bythe rod is, deriving its motion from a suitable cam. In conjunction withthis machine-operated lever 76 there is provided a hand-lever 70 whichis operated by the attendant when the engine is to be started or if forany cause the lever k will not operate. The advantage of this additionallever will be readily understood when the difficulty of moving thevarious parts of an engine when at rest are considered.

The high tension of the gases generated by the explosion throws theyielding piston D, which I term the differential piston, back, therebyforcing the water in chamber 0 into the explosion-chamber past the valve1''. The sprayer Z serves to introduce the water in the form of spray.The hot gases effect the immediate vaporization of the water and a rapidcooling off of the products of combustion and render an external coolingdevice unnecessary. The mixture of gases and steam. forces the pistonsforward in the direction of the ar rows in Fig. 5 until the left port ofchannel h is freed and the'gases enter into the cylinder 13 and thepressure on the two pistons A and A is equalized. In view of thedifference of area between the two pistons A and A", the same are nowpushed in the opposite direction (that indicated by the arrows in Fi 1)and the mixture of gases and steam on the right-hand side expands untilthe outlet-channel J is exposed and the mixture flows into the air orinto a condenser, while on the left side of the piston A pressure isexerted to introducea fresh charge of gas.

It will be seen that while the working gases operate on the outside ofboth pistons the right port of the channel h is first closed during themotion from left to right, and in the further motion from left to righta vacuum is produced. The valve 1;, closing the suction-chamber 0 of theduct G, is opened, and air and arriving through the pipes g and gintroduced therethrough. During the reverse movement of, the pistons thevalve '0 is closed, the mixture of gas and air com pressed, and finallyforced into the combustion chamber and there ignited at the change ofthe piston-stroke and the closing of the mouth at the right of channel7t, the cam having again forced the igniting-pin i into said channel h.The valve 40 itself serves to regulate the motor in this way. YVhen asur plus of power exists, this valve is kept wholly or partially closedby a lever q, (see Figs. 2 and 6,) connected with the governor by a rod(1 whereby the introduction of explosive mixture is prevented orreduced, and no explosion, or a slight explosion, is accordinglyproduced.

The introduction of the water into the explosion-chamber is effected andregulated as follows: In order to effect the introduction of the wateronly at each explosion, a yielding and hollow piston D d, which I termthe clifferential piston, is fitted into cover 0 of cylinder B, and held'yieldingly in the position indicated in Figs. 1 and 5 by a spiralspring f. A pressure-valve t" is arranged in the said piston D cl, asuction-valve 2' in a plug forming part of cover 0 and connected withthe suction-tube w. The air-cock e, by controlling the air-exit opening,serves to regulate the movement of the differential piston D d,andthereby the quantity of the .Water injected into theexplosion-chamber; for it is apparent that the said piston on beingthrown back must overcome the resistance of the spring f and the aircontained in the space between the cover C and the said piston. Thiscompression may be regulated by means of the said air-cocke.v

Z represents a sprayer attached to the forward end of piston D, andserving for finely dividing the water injected into theexplosionchamber, and Z an annular ledge attached to the cover 0 andlimiting the forward motion of the piston D. On the backward motion ofthe piston D d water is forced into the explosion-chamber through valvet, and on its return movement,- due to spring f, water is sucked intothe chamber 0 from the suctionchamber 0 In order to start the engine thefollowing mechanism is provided: The space 0 communicatin g through thevalve 1; with the supply of explosive mixture, is connected with thechannel h by a hand-pump L, which may be shut off by means of a cock H.The piston p of this pump is operated by lever S through the pitman s.The engine is so arranged that when ceasing to run the parts will be solocated that the smaller piston A has closed the right-hand opening ofchannel h. Upon working the hand-pump L with this relative position ofthe parts, it will be seen that the explosive gases are forced into theexplosion-chamber. The cock H is then shut off, and the ignition-pin tis forced upward by a supplemental hand-lever k The explosion then takesplace and the parts begin to operate as above described.

The most apparent advantages arising from my construction are thefollowing:

First. The saving of the cooling-water, the

volume of water used being much less than a fortieth of that formerlynecessary.

Second. The omission of a double-walled cylinder, formerly necessary forthe 'CllClllEL- tion ofthe cooling-liquid around the combustion-chamber.

Third. A greater reduction of the final temperature of the products ofcombustion. While formerly the temperature was reduced to from 600 to700 centigrade, under my construction a reduction to from 40 to 110centigrade is effected.

Fourth. The Water, being thrown into the explosion-chamber in afinely-comminuted state, is immediately converted into steam of hlghpressure, which performs an essential part of the work, while formerly avast percentage of the caloric was carried off by the coolingliquid.\Vhile formerly about thirteen to fourteen per cent. of the heat wasutil zed, by my construction I am enabled to utilize twenty per cent. ormore thereof.

Fifth. The solid residuum of the combustion, which formerly necessitateda frequent cleaning of the valves and cylinders, is in my constructiondissolved by the steam and carried off with the exhaust-steam.

Sixth. A simpler and cheaper construct-ion, arising from the omission ofall slide-valves, and enabling most of the parts to be turned on thelathe.

Seventh. I produce a one-stroke engine, while all former engines of thiskind were two or four stroke engines. 7

I claim-- 1 v 1. In combination with the combustiomchamber of agas-engine having a port, a needle adapted to be heated by a flame andto enter said port, a lever operated by sa1d engine for forcing theneedle into the port, and a spring for retracting the needle,substantially as described.

2. In combination with the combustionchamberof a gas-engine, aspring-held needle adapted to be heated by a flame and to enter a portin said chamber, mechanism operate by the engine for forcing said needlento said port against the action of said spring, and a hand-lever foroperating the needle independently ofthe engine mechanism, substantiallyas described.

3. In a compound gas and steam engine, the combination, with theexplosion-chamber, of the differential piston yieldingly held forwardagainst said explosion-chamber, and provided with a valve-closed openingfor the injection of the water, substantially as described.

4. In a compound gas and steam engine, the combination, with theexplosion-chamber, of a cover carrying a hollow piston held against thechamber bya spring and carrying a pressure and a suction valve, thelatter being connected with the water-supply, substantially asdescribed.

5. In a compound gas and steam engine, the combination, with theexplosion-chamber,

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of a cover carrying a differential hollow and yielding piston, the headof said piston being foraminated to form a sprayer, substantially asdescribed.

6. In a compound gas andsteam engine, the means for regulating thesupply of explosive mixture, consisting of the duct 1G, provided withvalve 1),.i11 combination with the pivoted levers q q, controlled fromthe governor, substantially as described.

7. In a compound gas and steam engine, the combination, substantially asdescribed, of the following parts: the cylinders B and B, of differentdiameters the channels h and h, connecting the cylinders B and B, thepistons A and A, fitting into thecylinders B and B and controlling saidchannels, respectively, the duct G, and the exhaust-duet J, the channel71 being so arranged that the suction and compression of the explosivespecification in the presence of two subscribin g witnesses.

AUGUST B. DRAUTZ.

\Vitnesses:

GUsTAv Gnoss, THEODORE ABENHEIM.

